PA PESTICIDE APPLICATOR EXAM CORE

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PA PESTICIDE APPLICATOR EXAM CORE

INFO WITH CORRECT AN SWERS

Question : 1. Which of the following statements is false

regarding the sources of genetic variation?

• Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of

exposure to extracellular mutagens, including sources of chemical mutagens

• Significant chemical damage is sustained by DNA because of

its proximity to water molecules in our cells

• Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of

unavoidable endogenous errors in cellular mechanisms and harmful effects on certain natural molecules and atoms within our cells

• Errors in DNA replication and DNA repair are a major source

of mutations in our cells

Correct answer: a. Most of the inherited changes in our DNA

arise because of exposure to extracellular mutagens, including sources of chemical mutagens

Question : 2. With reference to DNA repair, which of the

following is false?

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• Crosslinking of bases on opposite DNA strands is especially

problematic for cells because it presents and obstacle to DNA replication and the replication fork is stalled

• Double strand DNA breaks are a challenge for cells because if

repair is not affected immediately the ends can drift apart quickly making correct repair impossible

• Crosslinking of bases on opposite DNA strands can be

problematic for cells because it may present an obstacle to transcription and the RNA polymerase is stalled

• Repair of double stranded DNA breaks is easier in cells prior

to DNA replication than after DNA replication has occurred

Correct answer: d. Repair of double stranded DNA breaks is

easier in cells prior to DNA replication than after DNA replication has occurred

Question : 3. With reference to imprinting disorders, which of

the following is false?

• With the exception of abnormal chromosome segregation,

imprinting disorders always result from a deletion or inactivating mutation within or spanning the imprinted gene cluster

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• Angelman and prader willi syndrome are very different

disorders but can be caused by precisely the same large deletion at 15q11-q13

• About one quarter of individuals with angelman syndrome

lack a paternal chromosome 15

• In some imprinting disorders, disease results from

inappropriate biallelic expression of a gene

Correct answer: a. With the exception of abnormal chromosome

segregation, imprinting disorders always result from a deletion or inactivating mutation within or spanning the imprinted gene cluster

Question : Which of the following is an example of prevention

treatment?

• Organ transplant
• Shunting elevated metabolite into side metabolic pathway
• Reduction of susceptibility factor
• Bone marrow transplant

Correct answer: c. Reduction of susceptibility factor

Question : Which disorders are more suitable for augmentation

therapy?

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• Disorders in which the pathogenesis involves a positively

harmful effect.

• Recessive disorders
• Disorders that do not involve a deficiency
• Dominant disorders

Correct answer: b. Recessive disorders

Question : Which of the following best describes cytokines?

• Proteins released by animal cells that are involved in alerting

the cellular immune system of viral infection of host cells

• Chemical messengers that help in intracellular signaling
• Any of a class of glycoproteins produced by leukocytes for

regulating immune responses

• A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and

regulates the activity of certain cells or organs

Correct answer: b. Chemical messengers that help in

intracellular signaling